Article Contents:Structure of AlloysSolid Solution Inter-metallic Compounds Multiphase Alloys Ion-implantation Alloys Properties of Alloys Brass Alloy Bronze Alloy Related Articles |
An alloy is a mixture or solution of metals that may also include other chemical elements. Well-known alloys are brass, bronze, and stainless steel. Alloys consisting of metals alloyed with some metals, such as arsenic or antimony, or with non metals, such as carbon or silicon, are widely used. Alloys are divided into two basic groups: ferrous alloys, containing iron as the elemental metal, and nonferrous alloys, containing a metal other than iron, such as copper or titanium.
Structure of Alloys
Most components of alloys are partially miscible (capable of being mixed) or even completely miscible in the liquid state. Different types of alloys can be distinguished, depending on the degree of homogenization in the solid state.Solid Solution
These are relatively hard alloys in which the atoms of the components are randomly mixed throughout the crystals.Inter-metallic Compounds
In these alloys the atoms of the different compounds alternate regularly in the crystal lattice. Inter-metallic compound on alloy is a solid state compound exhibiting metallic bonding, defined in chemistry is an ordered structure. On the crystal structure among different metal ion in the compound can link each other, this simply named as alloys.Multi-phase Alloys
A multi-phase alloy consist of a mechanical mixture or mixed phase of two or more kind of crystals with different composition. Its structure and properties depend markedly on the cooling rate of the molten mass.Ion-implantation Alloys
Metal surfaces can be hardened and made more corrosion resistant by treating them with beams of selected ions, producing a surface alloy without changing the properties of the underlying material.Properties of Alloys
A wide range of metal properties can be controlled by alloying, such as mechanical strength, corrosion-resistance, and electrical characteristics. An example of the change achievable in mechanical properties by alloying is the AMALGAM used for dental work. Alloys were first used to improve the mechanical strengths of metals, for example bronze and brass. The tensile strength of iron can be nearly quadrupled by adding only a small amount of carbon.
For aircraft and aerospace applications, titanium alloys have been developed with tensile strengths up to 1400 x 108 N/m2, with density only 60 % of steel. The development of jet engines, with their high internal temperatures, was made possible by the availability of super-alloys based on nickel and cobalt, which are use for turbine blades.
Alloys with low melting temperatures can be made by using lead, cadmium, bismuth, and other low melting temperature metals. Various metal and ceramic alloys are also use as superconductor. Common alloy that use in industry and house hold such as Brass and Bronze.
Brass Alloy
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| Brass alloy |
Bronze Alloy
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| Bronze alloy |
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